Cash and Crises

The future of cash is shaped by geopolitical tensions, digital developments, monetary innovation and consumer preferences. Will cash remain a global stabilizer or fade into obsolescence? The answer lies in navigating uncertainty, regulation, and technological change. What future do we want for cash?

BRICS+’ digital UNIT—backed by gold and member currencies—aims to challenge dollar dominance in cross-border trade. BRICS’ symbolic R5 banknotes—unveiled at summits—hold no monetary value; the bloc’s planned UNIT will be purely digital.

The Netherlands are taking bold steps to future-proof cash: stricter access laws, frozen fees, and even mandatory acceptance. The new cash resilience plan—includes a war room for crises and a public campaign urging citizens to keep cash for emergencies. This is a blueprint for the future viability of cash.

Nearly 1 in 4 women in France experience economic violence from their partners, often as an initial form of abuse. 28% of women in a relationship lack a personal bank account. 72% of women suffering economic violence also endure verbal or physical abuse, illustrating the interconnected nature of these violences. Cash remains a critical resource enabling women to escape abusive relationships when digital finances are controlled or monitored. Cash accessibility must be preserved to ensure immediate autonomy.

Over the past two years (2023–2025), the world has faced persistent geopolitical conflicts, economic volatility, and climate-related disruptions. In such an environment, cash, gold, and cryptocurrencies have all experienced increased demand—not for transactional purposes, but as stores of value in times of uncertainty.

The fragility of IT systems has been starkly exposed by recent high-profile outages. The AWS crash in October 2025, Spain’s power outage in June 2025, and the global CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor outage in July 2024 have disrupted payment systems worldwide, costing the global economy billions annually. These incidents underscore the irreplaceable role of cash as a backup when digital payments fail.

With the rise of geopolitical tensions, formal international monetary flows are increasingly restricted, leaving communities in isolated or sanctioned regions dependent on informal financial networks. The case of North Korea underscores the critical role of cash in sustaining these flows.

1 Month to Go - The Future of Cash 2025

As France braces for a nationwide day of action dubbed “Bloquons tout” (“Block everything”), a striking feature of the protests is the call for citizens to withdraw cash from banks and use it instead of cards. This tactic, reminiscent of past grassroots movements like the Yellow Vests, aims to disrupt the financial system and send a message to both the government and major banks.

The 2025 Future of Cash Conference promises to be a pivotal forum for discussing and debating the future role of cash in our rapidly evolving society.

France's National Payments Committee urges immediate action to secure future payments sovereignty amid rising geopolitical tensions. Cash is crucial for economic resilience, industrial autonomy and national sovereignty.

The Riksbank supports the proposal for an obligation to accept cash in the sale of essential goods, and to strengthen the banks' responsibility for cash handling. Cash is essential for economic and social inclusion, and for the resilience of the payment system.