As electronic payments are booming, many suggested that the end of cashMoney in physical form such as banknotes and coins. More is yet to come, but central banks reported a growth in cash demand in the US, the Eurozone, Australia and the UK, proving that paperSee Banknote paper. More moneyFrom the Latin word moneta, nickname that was given by Romans to the goddess Juno because there was a minting workshop next to her temple. Money is any item that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular region, country or socio-economic context. Its onset dates back to the origins of humanity and its physical representation has taken on very varied forms until the appearance of metal coins. The banknote, a typical representati... More is still in the race.
To escape forgery, banknotes need to be ever more sophisticated. CurrencyThe money used in a particular country at a particular time, like dollar, yen, euro, etc., consisting of banknotes and coins, that does not require endorsement as a medium of exchange. More providers strive to introduce increasingly complex security features, from colour-shifting inks to microtext or holograms, each of which appears at different stages of the banknoteA banknote (or ‘bill’ as it is often referred to in the US) is a type of negotiable promissory note, issued by a bank or other licensed authority, payable to the bearer on demand. More making process.
Let’s start with the paper itself. 95% of banknotes are made from cotton fibresA banknote security feature incorporated randomly during the manufacture of the paper. The fibres can be made of silk, plastic or metal, and may be visible, invisible, or fluorescent under UV light. More, the same that are used in the textile industry. Fibres are mixed with water before being filtered, bleached and pressed into sheets. The first security feature – the watermarkA security feature used on most banknotes. It consists of variations in density and thickness created during the paper production, resulting in variations in their opacity. The combination of these variations forms an image embedded in the paper, which is visible with backlight. Due to its variations in thickness, the watermark also has a raised relief effect. More – is added during this phase by pressing a wet sheetA piece of paper or substrate of 800 mm by 700 mm, on which banknotes are printed. The “sheet to sheet” printing technique is the most widely used in printing of banknotes, but the roller printing technique also exists. More of paper onto an embossed image. The security threadPlastic, metal or other material, incorporated into the paper sheet during its manufacturing process, fully or intermittently. A window thread appears on the paper’s surface at defined points, and is partially visible, however, in transmitted light appears across the entire length of the note. The thread may be able to contain any of the following: visible or machine-readable codes, microprinted or mini-printed text in positive or negative, or display of fluorescent, iridescent, holographic or... More is then built on it via a secret inclusion process before moving to the printing stage.
About 85 different inks are used during the banknote printing process. The four-step procedure starts with offset lithography, forming the background layer of the banknote, followed by holographic features. The portraits that appear on the frontFacade, face. See Obverse. More side of most banknotes belong to step three. The crafted image – which is either hand or digitally-engraved – is then replicated on the banknote by filling the engraved plate with ink – a process known as intaglio printingA printing method, which also acts as a security feature, and gives the image a raised print effect that is difficult to achieve with other systems. The printing parts of the plate are recessed by engraving into a metal plate. The engraved plates are applied to the paper at very high pressure. The compression of the paper and the transfer of a thick layer of ink give the intaglio print a distinct tactility. More. The last step is the letterpress, the unique serial number that brands the note as legal currency. Optically variable devices, fluorescent inks and microlettering are also very popular security features.
A growing number of countries have already replaced their cotton-based banknotes by polymerA substrate used in the printing of banknotes, made of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) polymer. Polymer banknotes were first introduced in Australia and are widely used around the world. More ones, which are considered more resistant and cleaner. For instance, Bank of England chose to move to polymer for its new £5, which will enter circulation in September. These plastic notes were developed by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in the 1960s by heating hard pellets of polymer until they melt and form massive biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) bubble. The walls of the bubble are then pressed together to create a thin plastic film. Polymer banknotes can contain a see-through section called a “window” as an additional security feature. While traditional banknotes need to be shredded by their central bank, polymer notes are 100% recyclable.
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