Shaping a New Reality of Cash: Four Takeaways from Warsaw
Guillaume Lepecq
October 22, 2026
The "Shaping a New Reality of Cash" conference in Warsaw delivered four lessons: cash delivers measurable value exceeding its costs, its distribution infrastructure is crumbling for reasons unrelated to demand, resilience must be built in normal times, and advocacy should sell sugar, not fear.
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Legal Tender: The Quiet Debate over Cash Acceptance in the EU
Guillaume Lepecq
October 20, 2026
Europe's lawmakers agree on the principle that cash must be accepted as legal tender. The argument is over the exceptions — machines without staff, merchants claiming security risks. Together, those two exceptions would apply exactly where people have no other way to pay. And neither exception, on the evidence, holds up.
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The Enduring Importance of Cash: Stabilisation of Cash in Circulation and Changing Withdrawal Patterns
Guillaume Lepecq
June 01, 2026
According to a new BIS brief, cash in circulation has stabilised globally in relation to GDP, indicating a steady demand for cash as a store of value. Cash withdrawal volumes have declined significantly, driven by supply-side factors, notably the shrinking cash infrastructure. Despite the decline in withdrawal volumes, the average value of cash withdrawals has increased.
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